The Media s Influence On The Perception Of Media And...

Very few viewers of adverts decode images passively. Marita Sturken and Lisa Cartwright argue that there are very few viewers who decode images passively because there is no mass culture. This is because each viewer has different contexts and social backgrounds meaning that the images they view can be decoded in various ways because of their frame of reference and background. However the subject of how audiences decode and view media including advertising can be seen in various different perspectives particularly with Karl Marx and Louis Althusser who have similar but different theories around audiences as passive and active parts of the decoding process. Through Stuart Hall also we can understand the different ways audiences can receive a advert. Sturken and Cartwright’s theory of audiences focuses on the idea that everyone has their own background and frame of reference that determines how they decode an image (57). In advertising this theory is vital in understanding how audiences perceive images and understanding the effects and success of advertising on different people around the world. A part of this surrounds the identity of the viewer and the relevant context of the advert. For example, the Steinlager Pure advert which depicts the nuclear free image of New Zealand (Steinlager Pure). How this advert is received will depend on who views it. New Zealanders will have a direct connection to the advert due to its setting and context around the identity of New ZealandShow MoreRelatedMedia And The Media Industry1465 Words   |  6 Pagesabout media course, Television Production which I’ve chosen to study. Media courses have been taught at U.K universities for over thirty years and vary from practical to academ ic studies, but one thing is for sure, they have evolved over time as the media industry has changed considerably. I understand you have major reservations about my choice of course, as this isn’t traditional degree, it’s worth noting that the media industry generates  £8 million an hour in the UK; covering advertising, subscriptionRead MoreCross-Cultural Communication Essay1173 Words   |  5 Pagestopic in the field of International Management. The topic for this paper is Cross-cultural Communication in Marketing/advertising. Communication is such an important part of everyone’s daily life, not only in one’s personal life but also in organizations. Also now a day, we are becoming every year more and more global and working with different countries and cultures around the world. Henceforward, globalization is increasing, which makes communication a very important part of doing business internationallyRead MoreHuman Resource Training For The Media Sector1679 Words   |  7 PagesMass media is a very important role in the development of today s society. It impacts on the social consciousness to establish and consolidate a system of political thought leaders for society; associate members of society into a unity, a whole on the basis of the stance, political attitudes generally. Mass media also perform monitoring functions, and social management, monitoring, detection, promptly report the problems, new conflicts arise, contributes political stability to society. Such an importantRead MoreThe Po wer And Ethics Of Language1748 Words   |  7 Pagesabout it over and over again and ask, How did such a thing happen?. The answer, in itself, lies within the influence of the media, the power of language, and how its words are intertwined so masterfully that the effect becomes immeasurable. As Diane Setterfield once noted, â€Å"There is something about words. In expert hands, manipulated deftly, they take you prisoner. They wind themselves around your limbs like spider silk, and when you are so enthralled you cannot move, they pierce your skin, enterRead MoreThe Fashion : Unrealistic And Harmful Perceptions Of Beauty1500 Words   |  6 PagesThe Fashion Industrys’ Unrealistic and Harmful Perceptions of Beauty As you are flipping through the pages of any fashion magazine, you see that they are plastered with freakishly skinny, young women made up to resemble perfect barbie dolls. If you are the average american girl, you would probably be feeling a little more insecure about yourself than when you first opened the magazine. You begin to realize everything that you wish you could look like and are stuck comparing yourself to images thatRead MoreResearch Analysis : Primary Sources Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Analysis Worksheet This worksheet is for analyzing primary sources, which for the purpose of this project are popular culture media: texts created for a mass audience with some commercial component, either through sales, subscription, or advertising revenue: advertisements, videos, television shows, news articles or programs, popular music, etc. Choose three different popular culture artifacts (primary sources) that reflect the identity you’ve chosen for your essay. For instance, if I were analyzingRead MoreVideo Games Have Become A Real Influence On The Curriculum Of The Modern Entertainment Industry Essay1472 Words   |  6 Pagesgames have become a real influence on the curriculum of the modern entertainment industry. Video game campaigns have a very strategized, but hidden way of luring people to buy their product. I believe that the way that they use social influence like Facebook or twitter to spread the word that their new video game is coming. Social influence is a huge way to advertise and seduce the video game obsessed population to purchase their product. They also seem to use perception and sensation during commercialsRead MoreThe Political Front Runners Of Great Britain1742 Words   |  7 Pagesabout it over and over again and ask, How did such a thing happen?. The answer, in itself, lies within the inf luence of the media, the power of language, and how its words are intertwined so masterfully that the effect becomes immeasurable. As Diane Setterfield once noted, â€Å"There is something about words. In expert hands, manipulated deftly, they take you prisoner. They wind themselves around your limbs like spider silk, and when you are so enthralled you cannot move, they pierce your skin, enterRead MoreHow The Media Is The Issue Of The 21st Century1137 Words   |  5 Pagesdangers of media ownership concentrated in only a few mega-corporations. Refer to specific readings/viewings to back up your thoughts. b) According to Robert McChesney (Corporate Media the Threat to Democracy), and the movie Free Speech for Sale, why is such a concentration of corporate ownership a threat to democracy? (Hint: begin by defining democracy.) c) Include in your discussion both what the function of the media should be in a democracy, and what the function of the media is in dangerRead MoreSocial Media Essay1071 Words   |  5 Pagesadvancement, constantly evolving. This pattern is no different from the world of advertising, as it has also evolved through the years and quite recently an unexpected technological innovation took the world by storm. It made such a tremendous impact that eventually led to the transformation of traditional marketing, and it’s no other than social media that we all learned to love. It’s quite fascinating that in the early 2000’s social media wasn’t even invented; yet statistics show that Facebook

Psychoanalytic, Jungian, and Individual Psychology...

Psychoanalytic, Jungian, and Individual Psychology Theories When the word classical is used, images of things developed long ago with their traditional styles and ideas come to mind. They are perceived today as outdated and not as effective. Classical models of psychotherapy although deemed outdated, still have relevance in today’s practice of understanding human behavior. Psychotherapy is a science and art that was established back in the 1800’s with its own style and ideas. Classical models of psychoanalytic theory include psychoanalytic theory, neoanalytic theory, and individual psychology. The psychoanalytic theory founded by Sigmund Freud is the study of human psychological functioning and behavior. The personality theory†¦show more content†¦Freud is credited for developing the structural model in which he describes the three parts of the psyche as the id, ego, and super-ego. The id is the unconscious personality structure that contains the basic drives of individuals (self-gratification). The ego is the or ganized and realistic part of the personality. The super-ego acts as the conscience that maintains the sense of morality. Adler never accepted Freud’s theory of infantile sexual trauma. According to Freud, human behavior is produced by conflicts between genetically built-in drives, the instincts of self preservation, sex, and destruction. He felt that the dominant force in human behavior is the sexual instinct, which is innate. He furthers asserts that the unconscious is the most powerful source of behavior (Murdock, 2009). Jung’s beliefs were that there are common elements of human experiences called archetypes. The archetypes are self, the regulating center of the psyche; shadow, opposite of the ego; anima/animus, male and female principles that represent the true self; and persona, how we present to the world (Changing Minds.Org, 2011). He called the psychological make-up of a person the psyche and believed that specific characterizations change over time and across cultures. Jungian therapy stresses the patients study and acceptance of the archetypes within himself. Only when the first three archetypes are fully integrated can the self begin to be explored andShow MoreRelatedFreud, Adler and Jung: Founders of Psychoanalytic Research Essay1645 Words   |  7 Pagesand Jung: Founders of Psychoanalytic Research Elizabeth R. Blight PSY/250 1/23/2013 Michelle Willis Introduction: There are three well-known influential thinkers who are considered to be pioneers in the field of psychology. It could be argued that without †¦., the emergence of psychology as we know it might not have ever happened, at least in its present form. Freud is considered by his modern-day counterparts to be the founding father of analytic psychology, as he is the first toRead MoreThe First Layer Of The Unconscious1570 Words   |  7 Pagescalled complexes. A complex is a collection of opinions, moods, attitudes and memories that focus on a particular idea. The more elements attached to the complex, the greater its effect on the individual. Jung also said that the personal unconscious was much nearer the exterior than Freud advised and Jungian therapy is less concerned with repressed infantile knowledges. It is the present-day and the future, which in his opinion was the strategic to both the analysis of neurosis and its treatment.Read MorePsychoanalytic Theory : Psy choanalytic And Psychoanalytic Perspective Essay1300 Words   |  6 Pages Psychoanalytic aka â€Å"Psychodynamic† The psychoanalytic perspective, is the outlook that behavior and personality are effected by the conflict between one’s inner dreams n and expectation of society. Most of this conflict occurs in unconscious, which is outside the knowledge of an individual. Renowned psychologist, Freud established the psychoanalytic theory as an explanation for perplexed phenomena such as the meaning behindRead MoreBeatrice Hinkle/Psychoanalysis1635 Words   |  7 PagesCooper Medical School, which later was taken over by Stanford University. Sadly, her husband died in 1899 after only seven years of marriage. Beatrice Hinkle, whose own interest in psychological processes led her to a medical degree and a psychoanalytic career. Beatrice overcome her grief for her husband through working hard, graduated from the medical school and became a talented and dedicated physician. She was appointed as San Francisco s city physician. This particular fact was very importantRead MorePsychoanalytic Psychology : Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment1427 Words   |  6 Pages Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment Julious Campbell PSY/250 June 8, 2015 MR. MICHAEL PHILLIPS Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment Many people consider Psychology a science, which is true, applied science. Psychology is the study of the mind and behavior which has different levels with many dimensions. Psychology is compounded with many theories and studies that by trial, and error, have made psychology into the discipline that it has become today. Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and AlfredRead MoreThe Theory Of Personality Psychology1019 Words   |  5 Pagesdefine a person. Personality Psychology is the study of these different patterns among a group of people or culture. The studies of psychology started from Hippocrates’ theory that argues that personality traits are based on four different sections. This heavily influenced modern personality psychology. Three important psychologists helped shape the way humans define the term personality. Alfred Adler is one of these psychologists. Alder had a tendency to change his theory on personality throughoutRead MoreA Brief History About The Death Of The Son Of A Clergy Man By Karl Gustav1863 Words   |  8 PagesA brief History about the Theorist Born in†¦. in Switzerland the son of a clergy man, Karl Gustav Jung was a lonely child. Much has been written about his childhood isolation and the impact this had on his later theories, of the significance of he placed on the imagination and a deep need to connect to the greater whole to break out of his isolation. Jung was a highly imaginative and empathetic boy who was interested in philosophy religion and read widely. In 1900 Jung joined the staff of the Burghà ¶lzliRead MoreEssay about Carl Gustav Jung1078 Words   |  5 Pagesthe school of analytical psychology. He proposed and developed the concepts of the extroverted and introverted personality, archetypes, and the collective unconscious. The issues that he dealt with arose from his personal experiences. For many years Jung felt as if he had two separate personalities. One introverted while the other was extroverted. This interplay results in his study of integration and wholeness. His work has been influential not only in psychology, but in religion and literatureRead MoreFounding Fathers of Psychology1587 Words   |  7 PagesUn-Official Founding Fathers of Psychology Sarah Psy/310 2/13/2012 Un-Official Founding Fathers of Psychology These four men that we are about to talk about are some of the, if not the most important people in psychology. One developed psychology as a school of thought and published the first book on the subject which opened the door for another to develop his theories. Years after the book came out another thinker was inspired to look into the human mind and this time with a more scientificallyRead MoreHeart of Darkness in the Light of Psychoanalytic Theories.4599 Words   |  19 PagesPsychoanalytic Criticism Psychoanalytic criticism originated in the work of Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, who pioneered the technique of psychoanalysis. Freud developed a language that described, a model that explained, and a theory that encompassed human psychology. His theories are directly and indirectly concerned with the nature of the unconscious mind. Through his multiple case studies, Freud managed to find convincing evidence that most of our actions are motivated by psychological

Locke Essay Research Paper A THE HEREDITARY free essay sample

Locke Essay, Research Paper A. THE HEREDITARY PRINCIPLE # 183 ; Locke wrote two of import treatises, the first of which is a unfavorable judgment of the philosophy of familial power. Sir Robert Filmer wrote Patriarcha or the The Natural Power of Kings published in 1680 in defence of the Godhead right of male monarchs. # 183 ; Harmonizing to Filmer, merely the male monarch makes Torahs, the male monarch is free of all human control, does non hold to pay attending to the Torahs created by his predecessors, and does non hold to follow his ain Torahs. The Lords of England merely were supposed to give advice. # 183 ; The Patriacha began by opposing the sentiment that # 8220 ; world is of course endowed and born with freedom from all subjugation and at autonomy to take what signifier of authorities it pleases. This is precisely opposite our fundamental law. # 183 ; Divine right of male monarchs came from the thought that God bestowed the kinly power upon Adam, from whom it descended to his inheritors, and finally reached the assorted sovereign of modern times. # 183 ; The church tended to believe in bounds of male monarchs. There was a conflict between male monarchs with their ground forcess and the Church which depended on inventiveness and holiness ( sanctity ) to cut down the power of male monarchs. # 183 ; Filmer said that male monarchs derived political power, non from any contract but wholly from the authorization of a male parent over his kids. # 183 ; The licking of the theories of Godhead right in England was due to two chief causes. One was the multiplicities of faith. [ In England the Church of England believed in bishops, in Scotland the Calvinists did NOT believe in bishops. The King of England was stuck seeking to believe in both, which was impossible. ] The second was struggle of power among the monarchy [ male monarch ] , the nobility [ princes and dukes ] and the higher middle class [ affluent people, largely affluent concern proprietors ] . # 183 ; The three parties made different combinations at different times, so the male monarch was weak when the other two groups were against him. # 183 ; Locke had no trouble pulverizing Filmer # 8217 ; s theory. If parental power was of import so a female parent # 8217 ; s power was merely every bit of import as a male parent # 8217 ; s so male monarchs and Queenss should be equal. Besides, if we pretend that Adam was a male monarch, so merely one progeny should be king and all the others were shams. Besides, parents merely have power over their kids for a short clip, non all their lives. # 183 ; Although the heredity rule is gone from political relations, it is present in economic sciences. Peoples still leave their money to their kids. B. THE STATE OF NATURE AND THE NATURAL LAW # 183 ; This was the portion of the 2nd treatise of Locke. He restated some old thoughts from other people like Thomas Aquinas. # 183 ; He supposed that there was a # 8220 ; province of nature # 8221 ; and a # 8220 ; jurisprudence of nature # 8221 ; that leads people to action. # 183 ; Locke believed in a # 8220 ; happy # 8221 ; province of nature which came from his reading of the Bible and the age of the patriarchs ( Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob ) . # 183 ; Locke believed that the province of nature was as follows: # 8220 ; Men populating together harmonizing to ground, without a common higher-up on Earth, with authorization to judge between them, is decently the province of nature. # 8221 ; # 183 ; He besides believed that no 1 ought to harm another in his life, wellness, autonomy, or ownerships. However, non everyone followed the province of nature and each individual had his ain reading of the province of nature. # 183 ; In order to protect against those who did non follow the jurisprudence of nature, civil authorities was formed as a societal contract. # 8220 ; The great and main terminal of work forces unifying into commonwealths, and seting themselves under authorities, is the saving of their belongings: to which in the province of nature there are many things wanting. # 8221 ; C. THE SOCIAL CONTRACT # 183 ; In the seventeeth century there were two thoughts about authorities. The first was the Godhead right of male monarchs. Aristocracy had assorted feelings because it kept the male monarch in power but kept the merchandisers out of power, which was good. # 183 ; Locke gave the 2nd type of government-the societal contract. It was an matter wholly of the universe, non something from God. # 183 ; Political power resulted and this power rested with the authorities. Harmonizing to Locke, # 8220 ; Political power I take to be the right of doing Torahs, with the punishment of decease, and accordingly al less punishments for the regulation and preserving of belongings, and of using the force of the community in the executing of such Torahs, and in the defence of the commonwealth from foreign hurt, and all this lone for the public good. # 183 ; Because the male monarch could be both the justice and at the same clip be impeaching person of something against him, it became evident that Judgess and executive ( presidents ) needed to be separate. # 183 ; The power of authorities by contract neer extends beyond the common good [ although it is non clear who is supposed to judge what is in the common good. ] D. PROPERTY # 183 ; Each adult male was supposed to have private belongings for his ain labour, for illustration, farming or bring forthing something. # 183 ; Locke besides believed that the value of something should be related to how much work it took to make it. This was the labour theory of value. # 183 ; The trouble with Locke # 8217 ; s thoughts is that merely truly worked in England before the industrial revolution. After that, if a individual, for illustration, worked in a auto mill and produced merely one portion of the auto all twenty-four hours long, there was no manner to find how much value they had added. E. CHECKS AND BALANCES # 183 ; The philosophy that the legislative, executive and judicial maps of authorities should be kept separate is characteristic of liberalism and is consistent with what Locke said. # 183 ; In all good designed authoritiess, Locke says, the legislative and executive are separate. # 183 ; Locke said nil about the bench. However, the supreme tribunal of the US is the best illustration of an independent bench. # 183 ; The state where Locke # 8217 ; s rule of the division of pweres has found its fullest application is the United States, where the President and Congress are entirely independent of each other, and the Supreme Court is independent of both. # 183 ; Locke # 8217 ; s political doctrine was equal and utile until the industrial revolution. # 183 ; The province of nature that Locke talked about still exists but now between states alternatively of people [ , because people formed states utilizing a societal contract ] . # 183 ; A new international Social Contract is necessary before we can bask the promised benefits of authorities. When one international authorities has been created much of Locke # 8217 ; s political doctrine will once more go applicable [ like no injury to one anoth Er. ] A. THE HEREDITARY PRINCIPLE # 183 ; Locke wrote two of import treatises, the first of which is a unfavorable judgment of the philosophy of familial power. Sir Robert Filmer wrote Patriarcha or the The Natural Power of Kings published in 1680 in defence of the Godhead right of male monarchs. # 183 ; Harmonizing to Filmer, merely the male monarch makes Torahs, the male monarch is free of all human control, does non hold to pay attending to the Torahs created by his predecessors, and does non hold to follow his ain Torahs. The Lords of England merely were supposed to give advice. # 183 ; The Patriacha began by opposing the sentiment that # 8220 ; world is of course endowed and born with freedom from all subjugation and at autonomy to take what signifier of authorities it pleases. This is precisely opposite our fundamental law. # 183 ; Divine right of male monarchs came from the thought that God bestowed the kinly power upon Adam, from whom it descended to his inheritors, and finally reached the assorted sovereign of modern times. # 183 ; The church tended to believe in bounds of male monarchs. There was a conflict between male monarchs with their ground forcess and the Church which depended on inventiveness and holiness ( sanctity ) to cut down the power of male monarchs. # 183 ; Filmer said that male monarchs derived political power, non from any contract but wholly from the authorization of a male parent over his kids. # 183 ; The licking of the theories of Godhead right in England was due to two chief causes. One was the multiplicities of faith. [ In England the Church of England believed in bishops, in Scotland the Calvinists did NOT believe in bishops. The King of England was stuck seeking to believe in both, which was impossible. ] The second was struggle of power among the monarchy [ male monarch ] , the nobility [ princes and dukes ] and the higher middle class [ affluent people, largely affluent concern proprietors ] . # 183 ; The three parties made different combinations at different times, so the male monarch was weak when the other two groups were against him. # 183 ; Locke had no trouble pulverizing Filmer # 8217 ; s theory. If parental power was of import so a female parent # 8217 ; s power was merely every bit of import as a male parent # 8217 ; s so male monarchs and Queenss should be equal. Besides, if we pretend that Adam was a male monarch, so merely one progeny should be king and all the others were shams. Besides, parents merely have power over their kids for a short clip, non all their lives. # 183 ; Although the heredity rule is gone from political relations, it is present in economic sciences. Peoples still leave their money to their kids. B. THE STATE OF NATURE AND THE NATURAL LAW # 183 ; This was the portion of the 2nd treatise of Locke. He restated some old thoughts from other people like Thomas Aquinas. # 183 ; He supposed that there was a # 8220 ; province of nature # 8221 ; and a # 8220 ; jurisprudence of nature # 8221 ; that leads people to action. # 183 ; Locke believed in a # 8220 ; happy # 8221 ; province of nature which came from his reading of the Bible and the age of the patriarchs ( Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob ) . # 183 ; Locke believed that the province of nature was as follows: # 8220 ; Men populating together harmonizing to ground, without a common higher-up on Earth, with authorization to judge between them, is decently the province of nature. # 8221 ; # 183 ; He besides believed that no 1 ought to harm another in his life, wellness, autonomy, or ownerships. However, non everyone followed the province of nature and each individual had his ain reading of the province of nature. # 183 ; In order to protect against those who did non follow the jurisprudence of nature, civil authorities was formed as a societal contract. # 8220 ; The great and main terminal of work forces unifying into commonwealths, and seting themselves under authorities, is the saving of their belongings: to which in the province of nature there are many things wanting. # 8221 ; C. THE SOCIAL CONTRACT # 183 ; In the seventeeth century there were two thoughts about authorities. The first was the Godhead right of male monarchs. Aristocracy had assorted feelings because it kept the male monarch in power but kept the merchandisers out of power, which was good. # 183 ; Locke gave the 2nd type of government-the societal contract. It was an matter wholly of the universe, non something from God. # 183 ; Political power resulted and this power rested with the authorities. Harmonizing to Locke, # 8220 ; Political power I take to be the right of doing Torahs, with the punishment of decease, and accordingly al less punishments for the regulation and preserving of belongings, and of using the force of the community in the executing of such Torahs, and in the defence of the commonwealth from foreign hurt, and all this lone for the public good. # 183 ; Because the male monarch could be both the justice and at the same clip be impeaching person of something against him, it became evident that Judgess and executive ( presidents ) needed to be separate. # 183 ; The power of authorities by contract neer extends beyond the common good [ although it is non clear who is supposed to judge what is in the common good. ] D. PROPERTY # 183 ; Each adult male was supposed to have private belongings for his ain labour, for illustration, farming or bring forthing something. # 183 ; Locke besides believed that the value of something should be related to how much work it took to make it. This was the labour theory of value. # 183 ; The trouble with Locke # 8217 ; s thoughts is that merely truly worked in England before the industrial revolution. After that, if a individual, for illustration, worked in a auto mill and produced merely one portion of the auto all twenty-four hours long, there was no manner to find how much value they had added. E. CHECKS AND BALANCES # 183 ; The philosophy that the legislative, executive and judicial maps of authorities should be kept separate is characteristic of liberalism and is consistent with what Locke said. # 183 ; In all good designed authoritiess, Locke says, the legislative and executive are separate. # 183 ; Locke said nil about the bench. However, the supreme tribunal of the US is the best illustration of an independent bench. # 183 ; The state where Locke # 8217 ; s rule of the division of pweres has found its fullest application is the United States, where the President and Congress are entirely independent of each other, and the Supreme Court is independent of both. # 183 ; Locke # 8217 ; s political doctrine was equal and utile until the industrial revolution. # 183 ; The province of nature that Locke talked about still exists but now between states alternatively of people [ , because people formed states utilizing a societal contract ] . # 183 ; A new international Social Contract is necessary before we can bask the promised benefits of authorities. When one international authorities has been created much of Locke # 8217 ; s political doctrine will once more go applicable [ like no injury to one another. ] 312

Monetary policy and the effects the policy has on the budgeting of New York City.

The public policy that is going to be reviewed in this paper is the monetary policy and the effects the policy has on the budgeting of New York City. Public policy refers to set of legislations adopted by various states to achieve a desired outcome in a given state or city. The public policies are backed by laws for them to be enforced by court of laws and in case one fails to observe them, he or she can be prosecuted.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Monetary policy and the effects the policy has on the budgeting of New York City. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In some countries or states, public policies are entrenched in the constitution. Public policies are formulated to achieve a desired goal in a given country. Some of the desired goals of public policies are to create employment or reduce the level of inflation to those acceptable in the country usually single digit inflation. Public policies are for mulated to ensure a certain level of investment is attainted. According to Woodford, 2003, monetary policies are public policies formulated by the Federal Reserve to achieve a certain goal in the economy. Monetary policies are formulated to control the supply of currency in the economy. It is worth noting that the Federal Reserve has a constitution mandate to control the supply of money in the economy. Excess supply of money in the economy leads to inflation. Inflation refers to general increases of prices of services and goods over a period of time. If the supply of money is more than the amount of goods produced in the economy, the prices of goods increases. This is because the purchasing power of residents increases. This causes the demand for goods to go high and since there is no additional products produced to satisfy the demand, prices of goods escalates thus creating inflation. On the other hand, supply of money in the economy is very low; the level of investment goes down a s goods produced are not demand. This has a negative effect on the growth of the economy. Thus the Federal Reserve has a responsibility of ensuring that there is optimum supply of money in the economy. This is achieved by the help of monetary policy (Woodford, 2003). During the financial crisis that the world economies experienced in recent past, the role of Federal Reserve was clearly exhibited. The Federal Reserve applied tools of monetary policy to reduce the effect of financial crisis. Financial crisis we experienced recently threatened to collapse our economy. As a matter of fact many people’s livelihood was affected as result and thus Federal Reserve applied monetary policies to arrest the situation. To begin with, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York reduced the base interest rate. The commercial banks borrow money from Federal Reserve which is in turn advanced to the people as credit (Galà ­, 2008). As a matter of fact Federal Reserve is a lender-of-last resort. In t he event where commercial banks have no money to advance to the customer, they turn to Federal Reserve for loans at a certain interest rate. The Federal Reserve is also regulators of commercial banks.Advertising Looking for coursework on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This means Federal Reserve makes rules that must be adhered by commercial bank or risk punishment or even worse risk the withdrawal of their trading licenses. The low interest rate charge to commercial bank by Federal Reserve ensured that commercial banks can advance money to people at a low interest rate. This low interest motivates people to come for loans hence economic growth. The money advanced to people as loans was to ensure that certain level of investment is attained in the economy hence economic growth. The investment made also would create employment opportunities that are badly needed after many people lost their livelihood as a r esult of economic crisis. The low interest rate made credit accessible to people hence excess amount of money in circulation. The excess money in circulation led to inflation due to high demand of goods created by high purchasing power of citizens. Thus it is argued that the low interest rate that was meant to spur economic growth badly needed after the worst economic crisis in decades left the economy worse than it was before the intervention (Woodford, 2003). According to Lee et al 2008, another monetary policy that was adopted by Federal Reserve is that of bailing out companies and organizations that were considered very crucial to the economy of the United States. The financial crisis what was experienced recently led to collapse of companies hence loss of employment and revenue to the government. To avoid further loss of employment in the country, the United States government through Federal Reserve gave cash bail-outs to the companies that were at verge of collapsing. The nega tive effect of bail out was that tax payers’ money was put in the use in projects that were not popular thus most of American had a feeling that the bailout was not necessary thus wastage of taxpayers money. It was argued that bail-out gave some companies undue advantage to other companies who did not receive government assistance (Lee, Johnson Joyce, 2008). References Galà ­, J. (2008). Monetary Policy, Inflation, and the Business Cycle: An Introduction to the New Keynesian Framework. New York: Princeton University Press Lee, R., Johnson, W. Joyce, G. (2008). Public budgeting systems (8thed). Sudbury, MA: Jones and BartlettAdvertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Monetary policy and the effects the policy has on the budgeting of New York City. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Woodford, M. (2003).Interest and Prices: Foundations of a Theory of Monetary Policy. New York: Princeton University Press This coursework on Monetary policy and the effects the policy has on the budgeting of New York City. was written and submitted by user Bo B. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

State Gemstones and Dates They Were Adopted

State Gemstones and Dates They Were Adopted Thirty-five of the 50 states have designated an official state gem or gemstone. Montana and Nevada have both named two (one precious and one semiprecious), while Texas has named a state gem and gemstone cut.   Most of the gem names are linked to the picture gallery of state gemstones. The Adoption Date link goes to the best existing material from the respective state government or science institution. More detail below the table.   State Gemstone Adoption Date Alabama Star blue quartz 1990 Alaska Jade 1968 Arizona Turquoise 1974 Arkansas Diamond 1967 California Benitoite 1985 Colorado Aquamarine 1971 Florida Moonstone 1970 Georgia Quartz 1976 Hawaii Black coral 1987 Idaho Star garnet 1967 Kentucky Freshwater pearl 1986 Louisiana Cabochon cut oyster shell 2011 Maine Tourmaline 1971 Maryland Patuxent River stone 2004 Massachusetts Rhodonite 1979 Michigan Chlorastrolite (pumpellyite) 1973 Minnesota Lake Superior agate 1969 Montana SapphireMontana agate 19691969 Nebraska Blue agate 1967 Nevada Nevada turquoiseVirgin Valley black fire opal 19871987 New Hampshire Smoky quartz 1985 New Mexico Turquoise 1967 New York Almandine garnet 1969 North Carolina Emerald 1973 Ohio Ohio flint 1965 Oregon Oregon sunstone 1987 South Carolina Amethyst 1969 South Dakota Fairburn agate 1966 Tennessee Freshwater pearls 1979 Texas Texas Blue topazLone Star Cut (gemstone cut) 19691977 Utah Topaz 1969 Vermont Grossular garnet 1991 Washington Petrified wood 1975 West Virginia Fossil coral Lithostrotionella 1990 Wyoming Nephrite jade 1967 A gemstone is not necessarily a sparkling crystal- the majority of state gemstones are not crystalline minerals, but rather colorful rocks that look their best as flat, polished cabochons (perhaps in a bolo tie, belt buckle or ring). Most are unpretentious, inexpensive stones with democratic appeal.   Above all else, the gems are unique to or represent their state in some fashion.  Arkansas adoption of diamond as their state gem, for example, is due to the state having the only public diamond deposit in the USA. On the other hand, Floridas state gem (moonstone) is not actually found in Florida. Instead, its adoption  is a tribute to the role that the state played in the  1969 moon landing. Of course, state legislators do not follow the same guidelines as geologists for how they classify a gem. In many cases, states have named rocks, minerals or even fossils  as their gem or gemstone.   Helpful Links Many gems have both a gemstone name and a mineral name, cross-listed in  this pair of tables.  My favorite and most easily navigable site for all state symbols is  statesymbolsusa.org.   Be sure to check out my list of state fossils, state minerals and state rocks. You might find that the lawmakers did not necessarily follow the geologic rule book for those classifications, either.   Edited by Brooks Mitchell

30 Stunning Opening Lines From Famous Works of Literature

30 Stunning Opening Lines From Famous Works of Literature From the scandalous opening lines of Vladimir Nabokovs Lolita to the arsonist rant that begins Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451, weve collected some of the most stunning literary openers out there. If you are a writer looking for inspiration for your own novels opening, look no further, weve got you covered.Through the fence, between the curling flower spaces, I could see them hitting.William Faulkner, The Sound and the FuryShips at a distance have every mans wish on board.Zora Neale Hurston, Their Eyes Were Watching GodIt was a pleasure to burn.Ray Bradbury, Fahrenheit 451You better not never tell nobody but God.Alice Walker, The Color PurpleHe- for there could be no doubt of his sex, though the fashion of the time did something to disguise it- was in the act of slicing at the head of a Moor which swung from the rafters.Virginia Woolf, OrlandoThe cold passed reluctantly from the earth, and the retiring fogs revealed an army stretched out on the hills, resting.Stephen Crane, The Red Badg e of CourageIt is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.Jane Austen, Pride and PrejudiceCall me Ishmael. Some years ago - never mind how long precisely - having little or no money in my purse, and nothing particular to interest me on shore, I thought I would sail about a little and see the watery part of the world.Herman Melville, Moby DickOnce upon a time and a very good time it was there was a moocow coming down along the road and this moocow that was coming down along the road met a nicens little boy named baby tuckoo†¦James Joyce, A Portrait of the Artist of Young ManWheres Papa going with that axe? said Fern to her mother as they were setting the table for breakfast.E B White, Charlottes WebI first met Dean not long after my wife and I split up. I had just gotten over a serious illness that I wont bother to talk about, except it had something to do with the miserably weary split-up and my feeling that e verything was dead.Jack Kerouac, On the RoadMother died today. Or maybe yesterday; I cant be sure.Albert Camus, The StrangerLolita, light of my life, fire of my loins. My sin, my soul.Vladimir Nabokov, LolitaIt was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way – in short, the period was so far like the present period, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative degree of comparison only.Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two CitiesAs Gregor Samsa awoke one morning from uneasy dreams he found himself transformed in his bed into a monstrous vermin.Franz Kafka, Me tamorphosisQuiet as its kept, there were no marigolds in the fall of 1941.Toni Morrison, The Bluest EyeIn my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that Ive been turning over in my mind ever since. Whenever you feel like criticizing any one, he told me, just remember that all the people in this world havent had the advantages that youve had.The Great Gatsby, F. Scott FitzgeraldThe sun shone, having no alternative, on the nothing new.Samuel Beckett, MurphyThere was a boy called Eustace Clarence Scrubb, and he almost deserved it.C.S. Lewis, The Voyage of the Dawn TreaderIt was a bright, cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen.George Orwell, 1984The sky above the port was the color of television, tuned to a dead channel.William Gibson, NeuromancerThey shoot the white girl first.Toni Morrison, ParadiseI had the story, bit by bit, from various people, and, as generally happens in such cases, each time it was a different story.Edith Wharton, Ethan FromeIf you really want to hear about it, the first thing youll probably want to know is where I was born, and what my lousy childhood was like, and how my parents were occupied and all before they had me, and all that David Copperfield kind of crap, but I dont feel like going into it, if you want to know the truth.J. D. Salinger, The Catcher in the RyeI am a sick man†¦ I am a spiteful man.Fyodor Dostoevsky, Notes from UndergroundWhat if this young woman, who writes such bad poems, in competition with her husband, whose poems are equally bad, should stretch her remarkably long and well-made legs out before you, so that her skirt slips up to the tops of her stockings?Gilbert Sorrentino, Imaginative Qualities of Actual ThingsFrancis Marion Tarwaters uncle had been dead for only half a day when the boy got too drunk to finish digging his grave and a Negro named Buford Munson, who had come to get a jug filled, had to finish it and drag the body from the breakfast table where it wa s still sitting and bury it in a decent and Christian way, with the sign of its Saviour at the head of the grave and enough dirt on top to keep the dogs from digging it up.Flannery OConnor, The Violent Bear It AwayOf all the things that drive men to sea, the most common disaster, Ive come to learn, is women.Charles Johnson, Middle PassageWe were somewhere around Barstow on the edge of the desert when the drugs began to take hold.Hunter S. Thompson, Fear and Loathing in Las VegasI am a camera with its shutter open, quite passive, recording, not thinking.Christopher Isherwood, Goodbye To Berlin

Compare, contrast and summarize the information from 3 article Essay

Compare, contrast and summarize the information from 3 article together - Essay Example Short term use of stimulants known to be an effective intervention strategy, Corkum and associates (2010) investigate the long term impacts of methylphenidate (MPH). 85 children with ADHD were initially assessed with Wide range achievement test-revised (WRAT-R), parent and teacher rating, estimated intellectual ability, OCHS academic and psychosocial ratings, duration of medication and academic support. Children were randomly assigned to MPH treatment and placebo group in a double blind trial, with former administered a gradually rising dose of 5mg/administration to reach a target dose of 0.7mg/Kg body weight. 12 months later baseline assessments were repeated and using regression analysis academic performance was estimated, one for each subset of WRAT-R and for parent and teacher ratings with baseline covariates, and total treatments as variables. The results indicated that both medication and academic interventions were insignificant in academic improvement. II. Clarfield and Stone r (2005), explored the efficacy of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) on ADHD. The study specifically explored the role of headsprout reading basics; an internet based reading program as a CAI tool in improving the reading and task engagement. 3 children, selected using BASC (behavior assessment system for children), ADHD ratings; and parent, teacher & psychologist interview; received Reading Recovery instruction as part of their curriculum, along with two of them receiving stimulants and one consulting psychologist as part of prior interventions. The frequency of sessions (20-30 minute) was thrice a week with participants completing 27, 24 and 21 sessions. They were assessed using DIEBELS (Dynamic indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills) oral reading fluency (DORF) and BOSS (Behaviour observation of students in schools). An improvement in reading fluency was observed in all three students, along with reduction in off task behaviour. III. Shalev et al (2007) tested that a systema tic individualized computerized progressive attentional training (CPAT) can at least partially overcome the lack of attention characteristic of ADHD. CPAT was designed to train each of the four attentional networks, i.e. sustained, selective, orienting, and executive attentions. A double blind randomized control trial (RCT) involving 20 children in treatment and 16 in control group, with baseline similarities in age and intelligence and meeting the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD was conducted. The training schedule was two one hour sessions per week continuing for eight weeks. Pre and post assessments tests relevant to the grade of the child assessing reading, writing, mathematical skills and parental ratings were used for evaluating results. The results specifically showed improvements in all the above fields within two weeks of initiation of CPAT. Critical Evaluation I. 1. What claims are being made? Lack of long term and cumulative impact of MPH on ADHD related academic underperformanc e. 2. What evidence has been provided to support the claims (research study, expert opinion...) The evidences include research study with exhaustive assessments and naturalistic trials. 3. Is the evidence credible (are the tests relevant, can they be repeated, examine validity and reliability)? Assessments are subjective as well as objective enabling repeatability, reliability and validity.

The Canadian Legal System vs. The United States Legal System Research Paper

The Canadian Legal System vs. The United States Legal System - Research Paper Example The abortion law was found to violate the rights of women when it comes to their â€Å"freedom of conscience† and â€Å"liberty†. Women’s rights are protected in the Canadian constitution that’s the reason why the government is reluctant to touch the topic regarding the unborn since it would be a violation of the women’s constitutional rights to do so. In Canada, women are given the power of choice. The government funds abortion through the Canadian Medicare except for two provinces which refuses to grant it full funding even if it is required by law. This refusal is because of two reasons; one is because of politically motivated anti-choice biases and the discrimination of private clinics which are operating outside of the Canadian healthcare system. Most of the abortion procedures are done in public hospitals but most of the hospitals do not perform the surgery. Having access to the procedure is a major problem for women in major places. This predicament leads women to travel distances (Arthur, 2011). In America, the abortion law has lots of restrictions even if it is legal. The American court ruled a â€Å"trimester framework† for abortion. On the first trimester, the law allows doctors to perform the procedure regardless of reason disregarding the right of the woman to choose. On the second trimester, a state could regulate the abortion only if it is for the woman’s health. In the third trimester, which is after viability, states could protect the unborn life except if it is necessary to protect the well-being of the mother (Monahan, 2006). Parental consent is needed for teenagers seeking an abortion. In contrast to Canada allowing the use of public funds, the use of public funds and facilities for abortion in America is not allowed. Viability tests are also required after 20 weeks. And women are forced to have a waiting period and visit the clinic at least two times. Monahan, Michael ( 2006). Planned

Discrimination of black people and white people Essay Example for Free

Discrimination of black people and white people Essay This story, Black Boy is a great book that describes how the author, Richard Wright, suffered in the South of the United States during the time when there was still a lot of discrimination throughout the country. Since the author explained many of his horrible experiences in the past, this book cannot be written in a thin book. This thick book is full of his great experiences that wanted to be read by many people in the world in order to let everybody know the disasters of racism. This racism affected Richard Write a lot and he had to adapt to the environment that he was in, although he didn’t know how he should act in front of white people in the beginning of the story. There are not many examples in the beginning of the story since Richard was a little boy, and he still didn’t know about racism. He did know that something was different between black and whites, but he wasn’t able to understand it since he was too young. He even talks to himself in Pg. 49 that â€Å"I had heard that colored people were killed and beaten, but so far it all had seemed remote. There was, of course, a vague uneasiness about it all, but I would be able to handle that when I came to it. It would be simple. If anybody tried to kill me, then I would kill them first. † After this, he realized the harshness of racism around his society when Uncle Hoskins got shot by a white man when he was at the saloon. And the reason is just because a black man was earning a lot of money and the white man became jealous. Also after this scene, there is an another example in Pg. 172 where he met his classmate, Ned Greenley who had lost his brother since the whites shot him for a specific reason. Ned said, â€Å"Th-they said he was fooling with a white prostitute there in the hotel. † Richard was shocked since he could be in those kinds of situations at any time. Richards starts to think of really going to North soon as possible now. In Chapter nine, there is a scene that is really harsh where Richard sees it, but could do nothing. This scene is at the clothing store for black people where Richard worked. The black employees were treated like slaves in the store; the white owners would push, kick, or slap the blacks. Although Richard saw this scene many times, he never got used to it. Another big thing is the time when Richard sees a black woman getting raped by two white men. This is a part from the book that describes how evil this time of period was. On Pg. 179, it says, â€Å"White people passed and looked on without expression. A white policeman watched from the corner, twirling his night stick; but he made no move. I watched out of the corner of my eyes, but I never slackened the strokes of my chamois upon the brass. After a moment or two I heard shrill screams coming from the rear room of the store; later the woman stumbled out, bleeding, crying, holding her stomach, her clothing torn. When she reached the sidewalk, the policeman met her, grabbed her, accused her of being drunk, called a patrol wagon and carted her away. † When I read this scene, it really hurt my heart. I couldn’t believe that the police didn’t do anything at all and although the policeman knew that the black woman was raped, he accused her of being drunken. Richard could have thought of saving the woman, but if he did something to the whites, he could be killed. Therefore, Richard wasn’t able to do anything. All he could do was to feel sorry for the lady. This doesn’t mean that Richard didn’t worry about the woman, it was the way how he had to act in the South. After Richard realizes the social cycle between the whites and the blacks at his work place, he sacrifices his morals to save more money. He begins to bootleg liquor to sell to white prostitutes in the hotel that he worked at. After that, he involves in a ring for scamming tickets. Then, he quickly amasses enough money to move out to the North. Although Richard was working earnest, he quits it because it was very hard to collect money if he had worked earnestly. Since Richard Write had an experience that he does not want to experience anymore, he was able to write this book, which would tell all the readers that discrimination or racism is not a good thing to do. He explained how he had to act as a black man; if he didn’t act like a black man, he might have not gotten the chance of writing this book. Richard Write had explained how blacks should act as a black, and although many horrible things were occurring around him, he wasn’t able to change it since he was just a black man. I feel that Richard really wanted to resist against the white men but if he did, he knew that he was going to be dead. Although in the beginning of the story, he said that, â€Å"If anybody tried to kill me, then I would kill them first†, as a result he wasn’t able to disobey the whites because he was scared of death. Since he was able to adapt to the society that he was in, he was able to earn money and was able to go to the North to have a better life.

Labor and Childbirth - The Event of a Lifetime Essay -- Observation Ess

Childbirth - The Event of a Lifetime A description can never be as vivid as an event that has been experienced. An experience can never be as defining as an event that has left you changed. Under the intensity of childbirth, you're more likely to remember details that would otherwise go unnoticed. All the scenes come together to leave a permanent imprint on the mind's eye. The hospital room holds all the usual scenery: rooms lining featureless walls, carts full of foreign devices and competent looking nurses ready to help whatever the need be. The side rails of the bed smell of plastic. The room is enveloped with the smell of plastic. A large bed protrudes from the wall. It moves from one stage to the next, with the labor, so that when you come to the "bearing" down stage, the stirrups can be put in place. The side rails of the bed provide more comfort than the hand of your coach, during each contraction. The mattress of the bed is truly uncomfortable for a woman in so much pain. The eager faces of your friends and family staring at your half naked body seem to be acceptabl...

Saving Ourselves – Shark Hunting

Two-thirds of world’s surface is water, and over 80% of life on Earth lives in the ocean. Ocean plays a main role in regulating climate and feeding much of the planet. But in past a hundred years people were destroying the balance in the ocean and the ecosystem. One of the major activities is illegal shark poaching. Every year 30 to 70 million sharks are killed to support a growing worldwide trade in their fins and other products. Now, more than three hundred species of sharks are endangered. Shark-finning became a profits industry due to the increasing demand for shark-fin soup in Asia. â€Å"One pound of fin is worth more than $200US and the shark-fin industry is a billion-dollar juggernaut. †(Sharkwater) The shark-fin soup had been around for centuries, but only in the last two decades that it boomed in popularity. It is a symbol of wealth, and served as a sign of respect. Sharks-fins soup is a delicacy in Asia, which is utterly ludicrous given that the fins themselves are tasteless and merely add texture. Yong) And people believe that sharks don’t get sick as easily as other animals do. They also think they have magical power to heal and people can be stronger from eating shark-fins soup. The cartilage is also being sold as a cancer or arthritis treatment; however, here is no scientific backing to this at all. Over 90% of the shark population in the world is gone now, and soon there won’t be any left, if people keep killing sharks. (Sharkwater) Ev ery day people is just talking about saving pandas, elephants and bears, but here is no any international regulations to protect sharks. Why? It is because we’ve been told in our whole life, since we’re a kid, sharks are dangerous. We’re warned if we swim too far into the ocean. Most information of sharks that people hear about is from media. For instance, afraid of white shark is based on the movie Jaws, and the misconception is still floating around. However, the fact is sharks do not eat people, and they rarely bite human beings and hardly have really serious bites. Although in the odd case where someone dies, it’s usually because of the loss of blood, not because the shark ate the person. Sharkwater) Sharks kill 5 people each year, elephants kill 100. Even more people die from soda pop machines than sharks do. There is nothing like what we’re told. There is nothing like what we think. There is nothing like what we believe. â€Å"One animal that we fear the most is the one we can’t live without. †(Sharkwater) They’ve been here for more than 400 million years, 150 million years before the dinosaurs, when life had just begun on land. Sharks control the population below them, eliminating species that were easy prey and creating new ones. They are perfect predators that keep balance in the underwater world. The top predators are fundamental in controlling the structure and the functioning of the ecosystems. As we know, carbon dioxide is the global-warming gas and plankton converts it to oxygen, providing 70% of the oxygen we breathe on land. Without sharks to prey the animals at bottom of the food chain, they could grow out of control consuming the plankton that we depend on for survival. (Sharkwater) Life on land depends on life in the ocean, so do us. One the big reason shark poaching continues to go on is because we don’t see it. Because we don’t see people are poaching sharks, cutting off their fins and throwing them back into the ocean; without fins they can’t breathe, then die. Because we don’t see the corruption between the government and sharks-fin Mafia, hundreds of millions shark-fins were dried on the roof without any restrictions. Because we don’t see every day the shark population is declining, more than three hundred species of sharks face misfortune. We don’t like spiders and snakes but puppy and seals. Once we see sharks in a different light, we can change our mind. Stop illegal shark poaching and promulgated regulations is not only saving the sharks but saving ourselves as well. We’re not the god, we can’t shape the world. What we can do now is to call everyone to stop eating shark-fins, to against the illegal shark poaching, and to save the planet from ourselves and our future. Work Citied Sharkwater. Dir. Rob Stewart. † 2006, Film. Yong, Ed. â€Å"Shark-hunting harms animals at bottom of the food chain. † wordpress. com (2007): n. pag. Web. 14 Feb 2011. .

Internet Censorship Issue Essay

We are exposed to various dangers of the known and unknown kind in this physical world we live in. As such, we are always on the lookout for warning and danger signals regarding problems we may encounter. Our protection from these dangers come in the form of laws, law enforcers, and guidelines that help provide us with a semblance of security and protection. We are protected from unnecessary influences of the mass media by censorship rules designed to temper and minimize the effects of violence, pornography, and other strong yet bad influences on our being. We do not have those safety nets in place, although it is really a necessary precaution, when we use the Internet. This is why I am in favor or Internet filtering in schools and all public libraries. My parents and I are well informed about the dangers posed by unsupervised Internet usage. That is why my parents installed an Internet filtering system in our computer at home. They love me dearly and do not want any harm to come my way nor do they want me to be exposed to anything that could pose a potential danger to my person. But, they cannot spend all their time watching me as I use the Internet for my various activities from day to day. They also do not expect themselves or me to know which disguised websites would be detrimental to myself since all the Internet sites are designed to entice unknowing visitors into their sites. This is why they installed the Internet filter. To act as a back up guide in order for me to informed decisions about which websites will be good to visit and those not fit for people of my age. As such, they put blind faith and trust into the school system hoping that the system also does their part in protecting me from these potential dangers. The school accomplishes this task by installing Internet Filtering programs in the library computers. These programs are designed to aid the school in making sure that student’s library Internet privileges are not abused, nor used for illegal activities such as online gambling and accessing porn sites. The Internet use remains indirectly supervised for the students and the school’s own protection. The Internet has become far more influential than the television in educating the children and allowing them to pursue their interests. It is a learning tool that can help develop a student’s interest and skills just as fast as the wrong Internet exposure can destroy that very same promising student. This is why Internet filtering should become a standard in all school and public library computers across the country.

Causes And Effects Of Child Abuse Social Work Essay Essays

Causes And Effects Of Child Abuse Social Work Essay Essays Causes And Effects Of Child Abuse Social Work Essay Essay Causes And Effects Of Child Abuse Social Work Essay Essay One of the common psychosocial jobs is child maltreatment that has been encountered most of kids worldwide. Child maltreatment can take several signifiers of ill-treatment, it is classified to 4 types chiefly, physical, emotional, sexual and neglect. Children s parents and the health professional have been identified to be the most abuser in such instances. There are a batch of concealed facts that contribute to child maltreatment ; emphasis, drug and intoxicant consumption are illustrations of the causes that lye down behind it. Some effects of childhood ill-treatments are so deep and can be extended to adolescence and adulthood. As wellness supplier you should be cognizant for the marks and symptoms abused because early designation and direction can assist to decrease the long-run effects of maltreatment. On other manus there are two types of bar of kid maltreatment primary, and secondary. Raising a kid is non easy. Child maltreatment is considers a chief job that is endangering kids all over the universe. Most of us ca nt conceive of the effects of kid maltreatment.Unfortunately most of the victim are abused by their parents or any household member who might be really near to them. In the same clip kid maltreatment can go on in anyplace at schools, nines, and street non merely at place. ( In 2007, about 5.8 million kids were involved in an estimated 3.2 million kid maltreatment studies and allegations. In the United States ) Child Abuse is defined as hazard to a kid inflicted by another individual, normally the health professional ( Leiter, n.d para1 ) and includes physical, sexual, emotional maltreatment, and disregard. Child maltreatment can be brought by any one at any clip. Child maltreatment is seen in different frame, physical, sexual, emotional, and disregard. This paper is designed to speak about the types, causes, effects of kid maltreatment and how to cover with it by pull offing and forestalling it. Physical maltreatment can be classified as any effort or injury to a kid where the health professional was scruples of the hazard before the fact. Physical maltreatment refers to non inadvertent hurt to a kid. Physical maltreatment is highly unsafe to the kid and can do lasting physical and mental disablements May include striking, combustion, agitating, squeezing or drawing hair or ear. The kid may come with seeable grade of ill-treatment such as: cuts or contusions, breaks and internal hurts. On the other manus Sexual maltreatment refers to any sexual behaviour between a kid and an grownup or an older, bigger, or more powerful individual, for that individual s sexual enjoyment. Sexual maltreatment while still wholly atrocious is frequently times blown wholly out of graduated table and is the most advertised type of maltreatment ( Leiter, n.d Para 2 ) . Sexual activity maltreatment ranges from unwanted busss to inappropriate touching to sexual interaction. It is the most unsafe signifier of maltreatment because it consequences in really bad cicatrixs that are deep and durable, impacting non merely abused kids but the whole society. Sexual maltreatment is frequently times kept hidden more than other types of maltreatment. Children are forced and threatened non to state any one of the brushs because of the societal humiliation of being involved in sexual maltreatment. While, Emotional maltreatment refers to a chronic attitude or behaviour directed at a kid, or the creative activity of an emotional environment, which is earnestly unfavourable to or impairs the kid s psychological and/or physical development. This type of opprobrious behaviour can convey down an person s feeling of ego worth and self-pride. It let the victims to experience ineptitude and it can hold more durable negative psychological effects than physical maltreatment. Such as deficiency of fondness, disregarding, rejecting, and isolating, failure to embrace, utmost penalty. Furthermore, Negl ect is frequently thought of as the most unsafe type of maltreatment. Neglect refers to any serious skip or committee by a individual which jeopardizes or impairs the kid s psychological, rational, or physical development ( Leiter, n.d Para5 ) Neglect includes anything from go forthing kids entirely for long periods of clip to non giving them the correct attention for illustration, failure to supply equal nutrient, vesture, or hygiene. Like any other maltreatment, kid maltreatment besides has a cause. There are many causes of kid maltreatment. The most major 1 among the causes is mental unwellness, every bit good as psychological jobs. The inclination is that people who are non in their right heads, could easy make injury to kids, whether knowing or non. Besides, household jobs are major causes of child maltreatment such as hapless household relationships, divorce and separation, desperation and inability to get by with parenting or hapless parental sexual relationship. Parents under the power of drugs could easy ache their kids, besides drug or intoxicant dramas an of import function in arousing and the uncontrolled behaviours towards the kid. Plus, fiscal jobs could raise parents or other members of the household to mistreat kids as an mercantile establishment of their emotions. Stress could besides be a root cause of kid maltreatment, besides disorganized household and socially isolated can be cause, in add-on t o these causes hard kid who have characteristics of demanding or overactive may arouse the pique of the parents which may take to physical maltreatment, on the other manus handicapped kid who frequently more dependent will be prone to any type of maltreatment because they have physical or mental disablements or both of them.It is good to cognize the cause of maltreatment on a certain kid so that the intervention will be easy to implement. The effects of kid maltreatment can be direct shown in childhood or maturity Childs who have experienced kid maltreatment are likely to hold some emotional and psychological jobs whether they show them or non and in worse instances, a kid might hold suicidal inclinations because of this. The effects of kid maltreatment on a kid depends on how great the maltreatment is, the greater the maltreatment, the greater the consequence on the overall province of the kid. Depression, emphasis and injury are besides some of the effects of kid maltreatment in kids. Abused kids besides exhibit conditions like trouble in constructing up relationships in people, low ego image, eating upsets, every bit good as physical disablements. Child maltreatment could besides take down the self worth of the kid who experienced it. In add-on to that some effects of kid maltreatment are obvious: physical or mental issues broken or bruised organic structure, mental upsets, eating, slumber, opprobrious etc, separation of household, kid become lone wolf, arrested development kid acts younger than age well and on intent, halt speech production, more accidents of lavatory trained, hapless instruction, failure to win, favoritism, low ego regard, hapless ego assurance, hapless ego image, self injury, aching others, can impact offense, teenage gestations Management of suspected kid maltreatment Abused kids may show in the infirmary or to medical nursing staff in the community. They may besides be brought for a medical sentiment by societal services or the constabulary. In all instances, the processs of the local country kid protection commission should be the followed.the medical audience should be the same as for any medical status, with a full history and full scrutiny.it is normally most productive when this is conducted in a sensitive and concerned manner without being accusatory or reprobating.any hurts or medical determination should be carefully noted, measured, recorded and drawn on a topographic chart they may necessitate to be photographic with parental consent.the tallness, weight and caput perimeter should be recorded and kept in a chart. All notes should be dated, timed and signed. Treatment of specific hurts should be ingested and blood trials and X-ray undertaken. If maltreatment is suspected or confirm, a determination needs to be made as to whether immediat e intervention is required and if the kid needs immediate protection from farther injury. If this is the instance, this may be achieved by admittance to infirmary, which besides allows probe and multidisciplinary appraisal. If sympathetically handled, most parents are willing to accept medical advice for hospital admittance for observation and probe. Occasionally this is non possible and legal enforcement is required. If medical intervention is non necessary but it is felt to be insecure for the kid to return place, arrangement may be found in a surrogate place. In add-on to a elaborate medical appraisal, rating by societal workers and other wellness professional will be required. A kid protection conference will be convened in conformity with local processs.in the UK, the conference will be chaired by senior member of societal services section or of the National society for the bar of inhuman treatment to kids ( NSPCC ) .Member of conference may include societal worker, wellness vi sitants, constabulary, general practician, instructors and attorneies.increasingly, parents attend all or portion of the cause conference.Details of the incidents taking to the conference and the household background will be discussed.good communicating and a swearing working relationship between the professional are critical as it can be highly hard to measure the likeliness that injures were inflicted intentionally and possible result of legal continuing.The conference will make up ones mind whether to put the kid s name on the kid protection, besides there should be an application to the tribunal to protect registry the kid and follow up is needed.if the kid is topographic point is placed on the kid protection protection registry, the societal services section will bring forth a kid protection attention program which will include medical follow up in many cases. There are many stairss which can be taken besides to protect the kid.in UK, this enshrined legislatively in kids act ( 1989 ) , which clarified and acknowledge the jurisprudence, and came into operation in late 1991. Child maltreatment bar: There are two types of kid maltreatment bar primary and secondary bar Primary bar involves placing households at hazard before any hurt occurs. There may be call for aid from the female parent, such as frequent visit to the physician for minor jobs or ailments of inordinate weeping or hard eating. The female parent may state that she thinks she will wound the kid: this should ever be taken earnestly and stairss taken to live over the crisis by acknowledging the kid to hospital if necessary. Once recognize as a household at hazard, add-on support from wellness visitant or societal worker may forestall the crisis taking to existent hurt. Secondary bar means identifying kids who have been injured and taken stairss to forestall farther hurt. Subsequent hurt is likely to be more terrible. Plans will usually be made at instance conference and may intend taking the kid from place at least temporarily, but many kids possibly 35-45 % can be reunited with their parents when state of affairs improves. Child maltreatment can be prevented through the attempts to construct on household strength. This could be achieved through activities such as parent instruction, place visit, parent support groups or public instruction. The Child Abuse Prevention Service ( CAPS ) was founded in 1973 and aims to relieve kid maltreatment in all its signifiers through household support and community instruction. CAPS runs a free, national telephone line offering support, information, and referral to those affected by or concerned about kid maltreatment. You can name the telephone line on 1800 688 009 and talk to one of our highly-trained support workers. In decision, kid maltreatment needs to be better recognized. In order for it to be more recognized, people need to derive more cognition. More information demands to be presented to the populace. Everyone needs to work together to diminish this job because whether or non you think it is impacting you, it truly is. Abuse affects society as ? ° whole and that includes everyone in it. Child maltreatment is the figure one slayer of kids all over the universe. The four signifiers neglect, emotional maltreatment, physical maltreatment, and sexual maltreatment continue to run kids all over the universe. Child maltreaters inflict physical, sexual, and emotional injury on defenseless kids every twenty-four hours. The cicatrixs can be deep and durable. Everyone can back up and assist abused kid by describing of any kid maltreatment instance so they can back up the kid by pull offing the maltreatment or forestalling farther harm.

7 Common Homonymic Spelling Errors

7 Common Homonymic Spelling Errors 7 Common Homonymic Spelling Errors 7 Common Homonymic Spelling Errors By Mark Nichol Homonyms are words that sound like, but are spelled differently and have different meanings. Some of the most commonly confused pairs of words are illustrated in the following examples: 1. â€Å"The color complimented her unusual skin tone.† Unless the color was personified and therefore had the power of speech as well as discernment, it complemented, or enhanced by association, the hue of the person’s skin. Both the noun and verb forms of complement derive form the Latin word for â€Å"completion.† Compliment has the same root, but it refers to courtesy. 2. â€Å"He assured them he would be discrete about the matter.† This error pops up frequently in personals ads (or ahem so I’ve been told) in which correspondents advertise their desire for a â€Å"discrete relationship.† Discrete and discreet have the same meaning, â€Å"separate, or distinct,† but divergent connotations. A discrete relationship wouldn’t be very satisfying, because discrete implies a categorical separation. Discreet, on the other hand, refers to secretive or surreptitious behavior no long walks on the beach. 3. â€Å"Despite the real estate boom, he hasn’t joined his ex-patriots in the feeding frenzy.† People who reside in a country other than the one of their birth are not necessarily there because they are no longer devoted to their own nation, though that is one meaning of the word in question. But patriotism doesn’t necessarily have anything to do with it. Such a person is an expatriate. The root word, patria, refers generally to one’s native country, not specifically to love for it. 4. â€Å"The teacher suddenly found herself overcome by a hoard of children.† We may treasure children, but we don’t refer to a â€Å"treasure of children,† and hoard means â€Å"treasure.† (It’s from Old English and is related to the word for â€Å"hide.†) The writer meant to write horde, which connotes a throng, a mob, or a rabble. Horde derives from the Turkic word orda or ordu, which refers to the abode of a khan, a word for â€Å"monarch† or â€Å"chieftain.† The English term describes both a nomadic group and a specific political entity of nomads, and more recent usage has adopted the term as a synonym for crowd or the other meanings listed above. 5. â€Å"Carefully turning the pages, she poured over the document.† Poured what over the document? That was careless of her. She would have saved herself some cleaning up if she had pored over the document instead. Pore means to intently gaze, read, or study and, in the sense of a wide-eyed attention, is perhaps akin to the noun pore, which means â€Å"passage† or â€Å"opening.† 6. â€Å"The principle issue at stake is whether it is ever acceptable to lie.† The definition of principle derives from the Latin word for â€Å"beginning†; a principle is an establishing or defining concept. But the issue in question here is the primary one or, as the writer intended to convey, the principal one. (The head of a school, by the way, was originally the principal, or first, teacher.) 7. â€Å"The motorist was sited for reckless driving.† Well, a police officer certainly sighted the reckless driving, but sited is a synonym for located. After the sighting, the officer issued a citation, and the driver was therefore cited. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:30 Religious Terms You Should Know60 Synonyms for â€Å"Trip†A "Diploma" is not a "Degree"

How does hierarchy within animation and manga production influence the Essay

How does hierarchy within animation and manga production influence the contents and stories of manga and anime - Essay Example During that time, the word manga was used to describe drawings. The present form of manga originated from America during the times of comic trips in the beginning of the 20th century (Schodt 1996: 22). Japan saw a big difference and impact of the American culture with amusing books and films being brought to entertain the occupation forces. After the World War II, new artist in the animation are sprouted in japan. These artists changed the manga rebranded it to new style to help television animation in Japan. Tekeza –artists- initially influenced by the Disney animations created a popular manga that was appealing to all ages. They created a broad variety of work from children to adult stories with moral heroes and peep plots. Among the Tezuka’s famous jobs of the time are Jungle Empire and Astro Boy. As the spirit of evolution of animation continued to rock Japan, a quality animation by Japanese animator Hayao Miyazaki took over the market scene of animation. The film S pirited Away won her an Oscar due to the quality art work and the controversy of the female heroes in a society which is male dominated. Japanese animation (anime) and the comics (manga) have increasingly become popular in many countries. This is because the Japanese animation and comics have a different style to the other styles. The anime and the manga cover for all the categories of animation and contain genres that range from child to adult. The words animation, animator and animated are all derived from a Latin word ‘’animare† which means to give life to a nonliving thing. In the contest of video film, the word commonly refers to the act of artificial formation of impression of movement in animated forms and lines. Therefore, in definition the word means the practice of making an impression of movement which has been indirectly recorded in the convectional photographic sense from a film made by hand. However, it ought to be noted that this

Challanges we face Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Challanges we face - Essay Example Michelangelo’s transformation depicts the ideas and criticism that displays the negativity towards culture and religious authority. In fact, his personality and ego gives a better inside of a clash of values that are essential to him. Moreover, Michelanego’s personality is referred to an assimilation of eastern and western values that many modern icons go through in their lifetime period. A great deal of philosophy in essence even during the Renaissance era continued to emphasize the concept of fatalism. Dante is a prime example of that as his religious beliefs are put on a stern test as he visits his ultimate fate, which is hell. The traditional belief at that era was the fact that predestination is critical component that one must embrace. Dante’s legacy depicts that events and propositions that occur in the present will also occur in the future. Hence, events occurring in the future are unavoidable. The future is contingent and Dante’s Inferno is the key element that discusses the vital aspect of predestination. However as society progressed after the renaissance era where the black plague left an embarking mark, society began to experience this new revival of the enlightenment era. The enlightenment era undoubtedly was a different taste than the renaissance as science played a pivotal role in establishing the reasons for events that occur. Suddenly, philosophers modified their mindset to think critically instead of deriving their conclusions on fate, religion, and myths. Comparing to this to a recent event, another sort of enlightenment period was the civil rights movement in which Martin Luther King took him upon himself to challenge the traditional views of not only society but the ideologies of capitalism and white superiority. Another concept that has been altered the perspective of society was the fact that society tends to focus on

Drug Trafficking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Drug Trafficking - Essay Example Although the U.S. forces tend to patrol this vast area, they rely heavily on international partnerships in closely coordinating enforcement operations along with the interdiction forces of the majority of Western Hemisphere, as well as European nations so as to limit drug traffickers with the utilization of air and maritime routes. This interdiction takes a team effort thereby relying on the successful execution of a number of steps within an interdiction continuum, comprising of the collection, as well as dissemination of exploitable intelligence, the recognition and monitoring of suspicious vessels, along with the tangible interdiction of those vessels. The objective of the national interdiction according to the National Drug Control Strategy has succeeded in creating a removal rate of about 40% of the documented cocaine flow whose destination is the United States through FY2015. Although this is a significant development, a lot needs to be done concerning the interdiction of cocaine. Typically, within the eastern Pacific, there are fishing vessels transporting multiton cargos of cocaine leave Colombian, as well as Ecuadorian Pacific coast ports through to the delivery points via the Central American or even the Mexican coast. Within the Caribbean, there are high-speed go-fast vessels, transporting not less than two metric tons of cocaine at a time, depart from the north coast of Colombia headed to delivery points within the eastern Caribbean or enfolded the Central American coastline within their track north to destinations along the Central American, as well as Mexican coastlines. As a result, a fishing vessel operation is capable of lasting nearly six weeks, whereas go-fast operations go on normally for one or two days. Throughout the past few years, there has been a rise in the quantity of go-fast boats engaged in smuggling; such craft happen to be small, very fast, almost invisible to radar, as well as hard to see within daylight. To counteract the go-fast risk, the U.S. Coast Guard has purchased new equipment while developing capabilities in using armed helicopters, over-the-horizon cutter boats, along with non-lethal vessel-stopping technologies. On the other hand, drug traffickers tend to use latest and innovative techniques in transporting drugs to the United States, involving the development, together with an enhancement of low-profile, completely-submersible and totally submersible vessels. The quality of production, together with operational abilities of these vessels gives traffickers the opportunity of moving more products with superior stealth. These vessels are capable of travelling long distan ces with no support thereby permitting traffickers superior flexibility when planning possible drop locations.2 Interdiction is and must carry on being a vital constituent of the National strategy, as an accompaniment to other approaches in reducing drug supply. As a result, any analysis defining success within the area of interdiction as arresting all, or almost all, smuggled drugs tends to be unrealistic, as well as counter-productive. To the degree that is an exceptionally costly method; additional expenditures should be weighed particularly keenly, especially if they have the impact of reducing funds present for other efforts in reducing supply and demand. Nonetheless, there is the upgrading of the interdiction efforts made devoid of any noteworthy increase in funding. The most significant requirement in the interdiction field happens to be leadership. In order to pursue effective and expeditious innovation, as well as increased commitment, both through foreign governments, toge ther with private agencies, a

Group Counselling Essay Example for Free

Group Counselling Essay In an effective functioning group, the members are striving to carry what they are learning in a session into their everyday lives. They do this by formulating plans to practice between sessions, by making a commitment to do homework assignments and by practicing a variety of new behaviors outside of the group. Perhaps the two most important phases of a group are its beginning and its end. The beginning because that is where the tone of the group is set; the end because that is where learning is consolidated and action plans are typically formulated. (pg 164) There are some tasks to be carried out during the closing session! (ending a group) * Members are encouraged to complete any ‘unfinished businesses’ they may have with other group members or the leader. * Members are taught how to carry with them what they’ve learned and esp. how to talk to significant people in their lives. * Members are assisted in making specific plans for change and in taking concrete steps to put the lessons learnt into effect in their daily lives. * Leaders help members discover ways of creating their own support systems after they leave the group. * Specific plans for follow-up and evaluation are made. NB. The more behavioral approaches like; transactional analysis, behavioral group therapy, RE behavior therapy and reality therapy – place primary emphasis on the above mentioned tasks. This owing to the belief that, members ought to consolidate their learning, practice homework assignments and develop a specific action plan, if they expect to make significant changes in their lives. Body: Time is limited in a group counseling session. The leader therefore, constantly remains aware of that and teaches participants how to best use the time available to them. Leaders also need to train members on how to pace themselves so that they do not wait until the end of the session to introduce work that cannot be addressed in the short time remaining. Good Practice to Carry Out When Ending a Session: I. Asking Members to Sum up! The leader may allow about 10min at the end of a session for members to summarize what the session has meant to them individually. Some questions that may be asked to help members consolidate their learning include; a) Could you briefly summarize what the session has meant for you? b) What steps towards your goal are you willing to take between now and our next session to make changes in your life? c) Was there anything unfinished for you today that you would like to continue in our next meeting? d) What was the most important thing that you experienced during this meeting? e) What touched you most in other people’s work today?  f) What did you learn about yourself? g) Did you get what you wanted from this session? (what in specific?) Questions like these assist members in identifying specific behaviors they must want to change, both in the group and in daily life. They also reinforce their commitment to make changes. II. Dealing with Unfinished Work! In the case that some work in a session isn’t going to be finished before the group ends, the leader can help bring a sense of closure simply by acknowledging those incomplete explorations or feelings that are left unspoken. This he can do by simply asking the client to differ the discussion until the next session. For example, â€Å"Since we’re running out of time today, would you be willing to reflect on it a bit between now and the next meeting, maybe do some writing, and bring it up again then!† #Activity during this time# Psychodrama: There is a procedure for closing a group session in Psychodrama that increases the chances that members will be able to identify and deal with unfinished business. Psychodrama emphasizes allowing enough time for the sharing and discussion phase for each session. #Sharing which comes first, consists of nonjudgmental statements about oneself. Then after the personal sharing, time is allotted for a discussion of the group process. Members who have engaged in a role-playing enactment are invited to share their reactions to those roles. Others are asked to tell members who participated in a psychodrama enactment how they were personally affected by the work and what they learned from it. III. Arrange Homework Assignments!  Having members announce Homework assignments or some means of carrying further the work they have done in a session, and then report on the same, at the beginning of the next session is a closing technique – it also links the ending session to the next. Homework can be deviced by members themselves or the leader. Keeping in line with behavioral approach, it is important for leaders to teach members that; â€Å"the crucial change is the one that takes place in the real world.† And this is where homework comes in handy. The main point is that insight alone rarely results in behavioral change. [‘Insight needs to be translated into action for change to occur’ – premise of the Adlerian Perspective.]pg. 168. IV. Making Your Own Comments and Assesments!  Leaders may form a practice of giving their reactions, a group process commentary or a summary of the meeting towards the end of the session. Leaders might comment on; * The cohesion of the group  * The degree to which members freely brought up topics for work * The willingness to take risks and talk about unsafe topics * The degree to which they interacted with one another (as opposed to speaking only directly to and through the leader) * Their willingness to discuss difficult concerns Leaders might use write up notes about each session during the week and use those comments at the beginning of the next session as a catalyst for linking the sessions! Another way to close session is to set apart the last 5min for members to fill out brief rating/assessment sheets. The ratings can be tallied in a few minutes and the results presented at the beginning of the next session. A rating scale of 1-5 can be used. Questions that can be asked include; a) To what degree were you involved in this session? b) To what degree were you willing to take risks in the group? c) To what degree did you trust other members in the group? d) To what degree has today’s session stimulated you to think about your problems, your life situation, or possible decisions you might want to make? e) To what degree were you willing to share what you were feeling and thinking in the session today? f) To what extent are you willing to actively practice some new behavior this week? g) To what degree did you prepare yourself or think about this session before you came today? h) To what degree are you willing to non-defensively take the feedback you receive and consider it carefully? i) To what degree did you see the group as productive today?

mother theresa :: essays research papers fc

Mother Theresa of Calcutta Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu was born in 1910 to Albanian parents in Skopje, which at the time was under the rule of the Ottoman Empire. (The city is now the capital of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.) When she was 18, she entered the Order of the Sisters of Our Lady of Loreto in Ireland. She trained in Dublin and in Darjeeling, India, before taking her religious vows in 1937. She took the name Teresa from Saint Teresa of Lisieux, the patron saint of foreign missionaries. In September 1946, while riding in a train from Calcutta to Darjeeling to engage in 8 days of spiritual exercises, she received a divine calling from God "to serve Him amongst the poorest of the poor". She served as principal of a Roman Catholic high school in Calcutta, and was moved by the presence of the sick and dying on the city's streets. In 1948 she was granted permission to leave her post at the convent and begin a ministry among the sick. That same year she became an Indian citizen. In 1950 Mother Teresa and her associates were approved within the archdiocese of Calcutta as the Missionaries of Charity. The order was later recognized as a pontifical congregation under the jurisdiction of Rome. Members of the congregation take four vows on acceptance by the religious community. In addition to the three basic vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience, a fourth vow is required pledging service to the poor, whom Mother Teresa described as the embodiment of Christ. In 1952 Mother Teresa opened the Nirmal Hriday (Pure Heart) Home for Dying Destitutes in Calcutta. She and her fellow nuns took in dying Indians off the streets of Calcutta and brought them to this home to care for them during the days before they died, so that they might be able to die in peace and with dignity. In serving the people abandoned by society, Mother Teresa put love into action. Her spirit of giving inspired many to follow her, and her work eventually expanded to many other parts of the world. Today over 5000 sisters, brothers, and volunteers run approximately 500 centers worldwide, feeding 500,000 families and helping 90,000 lepers every year. In recognition of her efforts, Mother Teresa was bestowed many awards, including the Padma Shri award for distinguished service in 1962, The Pope John XXIII Peace Prize in 1971, the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979, the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1985, and the Congressional Gold Medal in 1997.

Critical Analysis of Frustration Essay

The concept of this story is that war can never be justified through self-righteousness. That is, if a person is trying to start a war because he thinks himself to be better than his target, there is no just reason for him to do it. Most, if not all, wars are primarily begun by one man believing himself to be better than is target. This is proven through the history of Rome and other nations. But what makes war justified? Is there ever a reason to destroy another’s life? The answer is no. Starting a war can never be justified. This story proves that. In â€Å"Frustration† a man is trying to find proof that a justified war is indeed possible. His advanced technology allows him to run through computer simulations which, in theory, would find a series of events that would make this man’s war, right. The main issue that is brought up is that a computer, in itself, lacks self-righteousness, meaning that it places a much higher value on human lives than the average human does. But how does this make any difference? Humans naturally believe that they are in some way better than each other. If a man thinks that he is better than another man than what is to stop him from attempting to subdue and enslave the lesser man? It is this self-righteousness, unchanged by generations, that causes all wars. All through that ages humanity has stayed the same in their behaviors and characteristics. This story implies this even at the very beginning of it. â€Å"The whole meal has been prepared by computer. Untouched by human hands†. With these words we know that this story takes place in the future. Herman Gelb, the main protagonist in the story, is at a meeting ith the computer programmer Peter Jonsbeck. Immediately the conversation is turned upon the activities of old man Hargrove, the Secretary of Foreign Affairs. Herman is intrigued by the fact that Hargrove is intent on finding a war that is justifiable and efficient. At questioning this, Herman get the response from Peter, â€Å"He wants the world to be the way we are-noble, honest, decent, full of respect for human rights and so on†. Now we know that it is the self-righteousness of Hargrove that is leading him to perform these computer simulations. It shows that, in this author’s view, humanity is likely to stay unchanged in the future; ignorant from their distaste of the other man, self-righteousness driving them to believe that they are the best in the world. And so our characteristic of self-righteousness never changes. Our personal beliefs can never justify war. Self-righteousness makes us blind to the true needs of our fellow man, and in the end brings dissent among people, and war. Peter makes the quote, â€Å"And they’re keeping the pressure on us, too. They don’t think we’re perfect†, this shows that self-righteousness never travels one way, that is, one person may think he is superior to someone else but that someone else will not think that person superior to him. In the story the three men all believe that they need to conquer the world in order to make it like them. They use this to justify their reason for war. When Peter says, â€Å"Hargrove thinks it is possible to find some combination of starting conditions and courses of development that will result in clear victory for us and not too much damage to the world, and he labors in constant frustration. , we know that Hargrove is so consumed by his self-righteousness that he labors furiously in order to find some kind of equation that will make his war just. This relates to human nature in a way that is explicitly obvious. We do not want to be alone in the world and therefore try to make others to be like us. Sadly in this process we begin to believe that we are better than our fellow man. This is not so. â€Å"After all†, says Peter, â€Å"It may be that even the losing nations would benefit from being directed by us, with our stronger economy and stronger moral sense. These men in the story are blind. In believing that they have a stronger moral sense, they have proven their humanity. What kind of people, with a strong moral sense, would attempt to take over nations, in order for those nations to be like them. As a people we desire not to be alone but to be supported. However, through this desire, we get blinded from our true motives. Attempting to assimilate a people is not moral or just. It is simply, wrong. As a race we tend to put a much higher value on ourselves and our desires than the needs of our neighbours. Computers have no sense of self-righteousness, which is one of the key components of humanity’s character. Herman mentions to Peter that there would be casualties. In reply Peter says, â€Å"Yes, of course. But the computer will presumably compare the casualties and other damage-to the economy and ecology, for instance-to the benefits that would derive from our control of the world, and if it decides the benefits outweigh the casualties, then it will give the go-ahead for a ‘just war’†. The computers in the story could not find a good enough excuse for a â€Å"just war† because they had no sense of self-righteousness. They did not believe that they â€Å"needed to be in control of the world and subdue other nations. In response to an accusation from Gelb that Peter is in the computer programming business for the money, Peter defends himself saying, â€Å"There won’t be a war. There’s no realistic combination of events that would make the computer decide on war†. The computers put a much higher value on life than Hargrove and the others. Hargrove believed that the other nations needed to be controlled by them in order that they be â€Å"proper† nations. The computers could not justify war by the human’s need to be in control. Gelb is curious as to why there will not be a war so Peter tells him, â€Å"I don’t know any way of programming a computer to give what is most needed in any war, any persecution, any devilry, while ignoring any harm that may be done in the process. † Sadly this is true. Any war, in order to be begun, needs some sort of devilry in order for it to get a kickoff. Computers have no sense of devilry because they have no self-righteousness, and, therefore, they can find a reason to start a war for just reasons. Those reasons simply do not exist. Human nature never changes. Wars are wrought. Lives are lost. These wars can never be justified by man’s need to be superior to his neighbour. Ever since the dawn of mankind, wars have been fought because one man, or people, believed they were the superior. This characteristic had never changed through our history, and it never will. God gave us the command to love our neighbour as ourselves. However, as this story dictates, people often love themselves way more than their fellow man. Destruction and chaos have been driven by humanities self-righteousness. But as the story dictates, self-righteousness is never focused one way. People will not freely believe that someone else is better than them. We want others to be like us because we do not want to be alone in the world. Unfortunately through this process, we begin to believe that we are better than other people. This desire for attention leads to some of the world’s greatest tragedies and depressions. Computers lack what war needs in order to be begun. They lack any sense of devilry and self-righteousness. They place a higher value on life than the average man. Never will they justify war for the sole reason to assimilate another people or nation. No set of equations or circumstances can lead a computer to giving the â€Å"OK† for a just war. It just will not happen.